Question and Answers

Great-circle distance is the shortest distance between any two points on the surface of a sphere that is measured along a path on the surface of the sphere. When calculating great-circle distance, the line of measurement does not pass through the sphere's interior. Great-circle distance is very important for trans oceanic voyages. One example of its usage is when long distance routes are drawn on flat maps (for instance, a Mercator projection). When drawn on flat maps, the routes often look curved. This is the routes lie on great circles. If the route was to be drawn as a straight (more)

any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships shall be prohibited. A Discharges outside special areas 2 Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships of 400 gross tonnage and above shall be prohibited except when all the following conditions are satisfied: .1 the ship is proceeding en route; .2 the oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment meeting the requirements of regulation 14 of this Annex; .3 the oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per million; .4 the oily mixture does not originate (more)

At least 16% of Oxygen is required to support combustion.

Following are the errors that can be encountered in Echo Sounder: 1. Stylus speed error: The stylus is rotating with a certain constant speed and the speed of the stylus that the time is taken for the stylus to travel from top to bottom is exactly equal to that for an acoustic pulse to travel twice the distance of the range selected. Due to the fluctuation in the voltage, the speed of the stylus motor changes hence the depth recorded Will be inaccurate. It should be checked periodically and adjusted as per the instruction is given in the manual. 2. (more)

Standardised Cargo : Standardised Cargo means a Cargo for Which a ship is provided with an approved securing system based upon Cargo units of specific types. Non -standardised Cargo : means Cargo which requires individual stowage and securing arrangements.

When an unstable vessel heels over towards a progressively increasing angle of heel, at a certain angle of heel, the centre of buoyancy (B) may fall vertically below the centre of gravity (G). When this occurs, the vessel goes to neutral equilibrium, and the angle of heel at which it happens is called angle of loll. Although a vessel at angle of loll does display features of stable equilibrium, this is a dangerous situation and rapid remedial action is required to prevent the vessel from capsizing. Angle off loll is often caused by the influence of a large free surface (more)

Following certificates and documentation is required: 1. DMLC PART 1 2. DMLC PART 2 3. Maritime Labour Certificate 4. Latest inspection report by the MLC inspector 5. Copy of CBA ( for both officers & crew) 6. Seafarer Employment Agreements 7. Medical Certificates of crew 8. Various licences and endorsements of the crew 9. Watch keeping documents and CoC for Chief cook 10. Records of training and familiarisation 11. Onboard complaint procedures

for obtaining a single sight, long by chron method Can be used anytime during the daylight when both sun & horizon are visible. for obtaining a fix using long by Chron, more than one Celestial object shall be visible along with the horizon. This is only achievable at dusk or dawn.

Fire fighting suit’s depending upon the type, can be made from different materials. Earlier, asbestos was widely used. Currently owing to hazardous properties of Asbestos, its usage is discontinued. Modern suits can be made up of Materials such as Zetex or vermiculite.

Usually the DCP powder is a mix of sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate. Sometimes mono ammonium phosphate together with ammonium sulphate is also used.

Stealer Plate: The first plate where two strakes of plates join into a single strake, near the bow or stern of a ship where the strakes converge.

Yes it can be loaded below decks. For above deck it shall be done in accordance with the provisions of the Timber Code

No Armed Robbery is covered in SUA ( suppression of unlawful activities) Convention. This convention relates to suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation

Gross tonnage Gross Tonnage is a measure of the ships total interior volume and is calculated by multiplying the interior volume “V” of the ship in cubic meters by a variable known as “K” (which varies depending on the ships overall volume). Gross Tonnage is not to be confused with Gross Registered Tonnage which is explained below. Net tonnage Net Tonnage is a measure of the total interior volume of a ship’s cargo spaces and is calculated in much the same way. The total volume of designated cargo spaces in cubic meters is then multiplied by varied number of factors (more)

Following factors are taken into account while choosing an anchor position - 1. Distance off from other vessels 2. Distance off from nearest danger 3. Nature of holding ground 4. Own vessel size 5. Duration of stay at Anchorage 6. Weather forecast 7. In Case own vessel has to undergo repairs at anchorage ( immobilisation) 8. Presence of underwater obstructions 9. Any other factor which affects the safety of vessel directly or indirectly